Calculus (III) - PNU

Vectors & 3D Space: Vector operations, equations of lines and planes, and motion in space (Vector-Valued Functions).Partial Differentiation: Derivatives of multi-variable functions, the chain rule, and finding maximum/minimum points using Lagrange multipliers.Multiple Integrals: Double and Triple Integrals used to calculate complex surface areas and volumes using Cartesian, Cylindrical, and Spherical coordinates.